Ghaznavid bilingual coinage
The coins of Mahmud Ghazni struck in India with Arabic and Sanskrit legends on obverse and reverse respectively, show a number of varieties in so far as the legends, the dates and the lettering and its arrangements are concerned.
Ghaznavid control largely continued in the existing administrative system. Thus Ghaznavid coins issued in North western India have bilingual legends written in Arabic and Sharda scripts . Some carry Islamic titles together with the portrayal of the Shaiva Bull, Nandi and the legend Shri samta deva which was completely against the Islamic laws and principles relating to iconoclasm but had to be issued for purpose of trading with people of Hind. The reference in the latter remains ambiguous . A silver dirham struck at Lahore carries a legend in the Sharda script and a rendering in colloquial Sanskrit of the Islamic Kalima.(998-1030 A.D)
"avyak tameka / muhammada a / vatar nrpa / ti mahamudu
“The Invisible is One, Muhammad is the manifestation, Muhammad the king"
“The Invisible is One, Muhammad is the manifestation, Muhammad the king"
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