Mughal (INDIA)–Safavid (IRAN) War 1649 A.D–1653 A.D
Shah Jahan the mughal emperor of India was continuously involved in fight after coming in power in north west territory with safavids the dynasty in Persia .
The sequence of conflict
1638 A.D- the armies of Shah Safi of Persia captured Bamyan (Afghanistan)
1639 A.D- Shah Jahan, assisted by Kamran Khan and Malik Maghdood, had marched on Kandahar and negotiated the surrender from the Persian commander, Ali Mardan Khan.Mughal army repaired and fortified the city while remaining in Kabul
1646 A.D- Shah Jahan send his two son Aurangzeb and Murad Baksha both routed and finished the Uzbek army and captured 'Badakshan'(Northern Afghanistan) Though victorious in the field, the Mughals were unable to secure the conquered territories and Shah Jahan was forced to recall his armies from Badakhshan.
1648 A.D- Encouraged by the Mughal reversal in Badakhshan in the summer of 1648 Shah Abbas II marched from Isfahan (Iran) with army of 40,000 he laid siege to Kandahar and easily captured it on 22 February 1649
1649 A.D- Shah Jahan sent Aurangzeb with 50,000 soldiers to recapture it, but although Aurangzeb defeated the Safavids outside the city of Kandhar but he was unable to take it. Aurangzeb attempted to take the fortress city again in 1652. After two months of fighting Persian resistance and the growing activities of the Uzbeks who later formed alliance with Persians Aurangzeb was forced to abandon the campaign.
1653 A.D- Shah Jahan sent his favorite son, Dara Shikoh, with a large army and two of the heaviest artillery pieces of the empire,but after a five-month siege the Mughals couldn't manage to starve the city, and the attempt to breach their walls by cannon fire also failed. The Mughals finally gave up all attempts to recover Kandahar.The total casualties from Indian side was 7000 in men and material miniature paintings depicting siege of Kandhar as narrated in 'Padshahnama' .
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| Persian emissary surrendering city of Kandahar before the Mughals. |
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| The siege of Kandhar by Mughal force |
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